HBO2 has been experimentally used in the management of patients with acute and chronic renal failure. HBO2
decreases the degree of first to second stage pulmonary hyperhydration and hepatic encephalopathy. Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy was successfully treated with HBO2 as an adjunct to local surgical therapy. Peritoneal dialysis combined with forced diuresis and HBO2 was used successfully to manage patients with general diffuse pyoperitonitis. HBO2 has many biological activities, which might be useful in the management of patients with chronic renal failure and management of renal dialysis complications as well as urogenital diseases. There is sound scientific evidence for the use of HBO2 with pathological sequences
and complications encountered in dialysis and chronic renal failures such as calcific uraemic arteriolopathy, uraemic polyneuropathy, peritonitis, hypoxaemia, increased oxidative stress, atheroseclerosis, chronic inflammation, wound infections, pain and headache, immune activation as in systemic lupus, fatigue syndrome, osteodystrophy and cognitive disorders [28,34–40,43–47]. Further potential applications of HBO2 on chronic
urological wounds and infections await clinical investigation. Urological malignancies are an important subject that might be modulated dramatically with application of HBO2, particularly as an adjunct to radiotherapy. These
potential applications await confirmation by clinical studies. In particular we strongly recommend that randomized clinical studies are conducted to evaluate the benefit of HBO2 in urology